Tuesday 1 January 2013

Computer and Its Components




Cabin Crew

Career

Guide


Capt Shekhar Gupta [ Pilot]
Pragati Srivastava     [ Air Hostess]








Language: English
ISBN: 9781301650040
Copyright : (c) 2013 Shekhar Gupta
Product Details :  Paperback:
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
Language: English
ISBN-10:
ISBN-13:

Contact for a Copy and Advts.

Surbhi Maheshwari [MBA Fin / Mktg ]
Manager Finance / Mktg
Surbhi@AeroSoft.in



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Surbhi Maheshwari [MBA Fin / Mktg ] 
Manager Finance / Mktg
Surbhi@AeroSoft.in
advertising@AeroSoft.in
M : +919691257331

What is a Computer?

A computer is a programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).

Modern Computers Defined

Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery wires, transistors, and circuits is called hardware; the instructions and data are called software.

All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:

Memory: enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.

Mass storage device: allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.

Input device: usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.

Output device: a display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.

Central processing unit (CPU): the heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions.

In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.

Computer Classification, By Size and Power

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap:

Personal computer: a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.

Workstation: a powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.

Minicomputer: a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.

Mainframe: a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.

Supercomputer: an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Computer Components:

Computers are made of the following basic components:



Power Supply - The power supply comes with the case, but this component is mentioned separately since there are various types of power supplies. The one you should get depends on the requirements of your system. This will be discussed in more detail later

Motherboard - This is where the core components of your computer reside which are listed below. Also the support cards for video, sound, networking and more are mounted into this board.

Microprocessor - This is the brain of your computer. It performs commands and instructions and controls the operation of the computer.
Memory - The RAM in your system is mounted on the motherboard. This is memory that must be powered on to retain its contents.
Drive controllers - The drive controllers control the interface of your system to your hard drives. The controllers let your hard drives work by controlling their operation. On most systems, they are included on the motherboard, however you may add additional controllers for faster or other types of drives.

Hard disk drive(s) - This is where your files are permanently stored on your computer. Also, normally, your operating system is installed here.

CD-ROM drive(s) - This is normally a read only drive where files are permanently stored. There are now read/write CD-ROM drives that use special software to allow users to read from and write to these drives.

Floppy drive(s) - A floppy is a small disk storage device that today typically has about 1.4 Megabytes of memory capacity.

Other possible file storage devices include DVD devices, Tape backup devices, and some others.

Monitor - This device which operates like a TV set lets the user see how the computer is responding to their commands.

Keyboard - This is where the user enters text commands into the computer.

Mouse - A point and click interface for entering commands which works well in graphical environments.

These various parts will be discussed in the following sections.




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Er Swati Raghuvanshi [ BCA, MCA ]  
Software Engineer / Webmaster
www.AeroSoftCorp.com 
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